This study examines how tobacco taxes and price changes are associated with consumption across product type, income, age, and gender in India. Evidence suggests varying price responsiveness, while historical data limitations highlight the need for cautious interpretation of current tax effects.
Trade agreements are not automatic engines of growth. Their effectiveness depends on domestic complementary conditions—strong institutions, infrastructure, productive capacity, and inclusive policies. Without these, trade openness often produces limited and uneven benefits across countries, sectors, and income groups.
Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan consistently fails to absorb its approved funds; states spent only around two-thirds of their allocations between 2018 and 2024. Using Lasswell’s Policy Cycle Framework, this paper diagnoses the gap as structural, originating across the formulation, budgeting, implementation, and monitoring stages.
This study analyses 738,764 UNGA votes across 5,270 resolutions and 70 sessions (1946–2025), finding 79.7% “Yes” votes overall. It traces rising consensus voting and persistent power-based asymmetries between major powers and the wider membership.
A systematic review finds that trade openness generally benefits Latin American growth, particularly in export-oriented economies, but outcomes depend on institutions, trade composition, sectors, governance, sub-national effects, and border dynamics, highlighting important gaps for future research.
Plastic pollution is widespread across the Ganga River, affecting water, sediments, floodplains and aquatic organisms. Reported contamination varies spatially and seasonally, with potential ecological, fisheries and human-exposure implications, highlighting the need for improved monitoring, waste management and evidence-based mitigation strategies.
Micro- and macroplastic contamination is a growing aquatic environmental challenge. This review examines plastic sources, transport pathways, ecological impacts, plastisphere formation, and detection methods, highlighting methodological differences and the need for standardized monitoring and stronger pollution-control measures.
India’s education sector shows a persistent gap between budgeted and actual spending, with regional disparities in fund utilization, low GDP allocation, and weak human capital investment despite rising financial commitments.
This study examines how emerging factors such as artificial intelligence, climate vulnerability, and economic dependence interact with traditional power, security, military capability, and ideology to shape geopolitical alliances through UN General Assembly voting patterns and mixed qualitative and empirical analysis.
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1TODUd4jJvF2ue12KJW9dN5SjmdX_ynO3pncjxFT1A8o/edit?usp=drivesdk