UPI’s growth is linked to lower cash holdings with a delay: significant negative associations appear at lags two to five, strongest at three and four months. Currency in circulation still rose, showing coexistence. Causality and individual spending behaviour remain unestablished.
Some wars dominate global headlines while others remain overlooked. This study examines how media framing, geopolitical interests and postcolonial hierarchies shape international attention, revealing why the scale of human suffering alone does not determine a conflict’s visibility.
This paper examines India’s legal and institutional response to digital fraud, focusing on financial scams, identity theft, and phishing. It evaluates existing cyber laws, implementation challenges, and measures needed to strengthen cybersecurity mechanisms.
This study examines how parental involvement, teacher engagement, sociodemographic disadvantage, and students’ learning difficulties interact to perpetuate educational exclusion. It highlights the interconnected institutional and relational factors underlying disengagement, absenteeism, and eventual school dropout.
This study synthesizes secondary data on microplastic and macroplastic contamination across aquatic systems, examining sources, transport pathways, spatial patterns, and methodological differences. Findings highlight widespread contamination and the need for harmonized sampling and reporting protocols.
Indian law provides protection through different legal mechanisms relating to privacy, data protection, succession, intellectual property, personality rights and commercial exploitation. However, these protections remain fragmented and do not provide a comprehensive framework specifically governing the digital afterlife.
The study examines how AITIGA has influenced India–ASEAN trade and its broader economic implications. While trade increased after the agreement, imports grew faster than exports, widening the trade deficit. The findings suggest that stronger trade facilitation, export competitiveness, value addition, and domestic productivity are essential for translating trade integration into wider economic benefits.
This study examines gaps in India’s public education expenditure, focusing on resource allocation, financial monitoring, and learning outcomes. It proposes an integrated governance framework to strengthen accountability, improve fund utilization, and promote equitable educational development.
Trade agreements reliably boost trade volumes, but they do not guarantee faster GDP growth or reduced trade deficits. Examining regional and bilateral frameworks, this study shows that economic growth depends heavily on sectoral composition, productivity, and domestic policy rather than trade openness alone
This study investigates emerging geopolitical alliances through dynamic network analysis of UN General Assembly voting behavior. Using UNGA voting records from 1946 to 2025, it examines changes in political alignment and identifies emerging blocs through Social Network Analysis.