This paper reviews disability inclusion in India’s economy, analysing policies, challenges, and strategies to integrate PwDs for equitable growth and sustainable development.
Balancing Growth and Greed: Ethics, Justice, and Development in Emerging Societies Authors: Vithika Goel, Varsha. G, Anisha Neogi, Joshua Oluwagbolahan, Ambuj Singh, Olalekan Falegan Abstract Economic growth in the emerging economies of modern societies, although essential, often comes at the cost of environmental degradation, rising inequality, and social disintegration (World Bank, 2023; IPCC, 2023). This research highlights that uncontrolled industrialization can lead to ethical compromises and crime concerns (UNDP, 2022; IMF, 2023). Using reliable data from global institutions, the study argues that public policy must move beyond facilitating growth to ensuring sustainability and equity (World Bank; UNDP; IMF). Without strategic monitoring, development becomes harmful rather than beneficial. Therefore, inclusive, ecologically balanced development is important (IPCC; Academic Journals, 2023) to align economic ambitions with environmental and social justice. To address these issues, policymakers must prioritize green infrastructure, enforce environmental regulations, and expand social safety nets (UNDP, 2022; World Bank, 2023). Integrating climate adaptation strategies and equity-focused planning into the development agenda can reduce long-term risks (IPCC, 2023). Furthermore, transparent governance and international cooperation are essential to balance national development goals with global sustainability commitments (IMF, 2023; Academic Journals, 2023). A shift towards an inclusive policy model centered on ecology and human well-being is not just a recommendation, it is a necessity for the future sustainability of emerging economies. Keywords: Growth, GDP, Sustainable, Climate Change, Policy, Equitable, Development Introduction As the pace of the 21st century hastens, economic growth has been a hope of promise and a field of contradiction. It has unmatched potential for poverty alleviation, infrastructure development, and the rise in the standard of living, especially for the world’s emerging economies. However, it also raises raw issues in the shape of widening inequalities, speeding up the pace of environmental degradation, and moral issues regarding the distribution of resources and administration. For example, the World Bank predicts that sub-Saharan Africa’s urban population will double by 2040 and Southeast Asia’s digital economy will exceed $300 billion in 2025. But accompanying these growth narratives are also attached dark realities: more than 1.3 billion people worldwide remain in multidimensional poverty, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) estimates, and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) tallies developing countries to carry an asymmetrical climate risk burden with the path of their industrial development. Socio-economic inequalities, meanwhile, form the ground on which white-collar crime, ecologic crime, and organized violence ran amuck, gnawing away at social solidarity. Such trends are further buttressed by policy failures in which governing organizations are overwhelmed by the accelerating economic changes and respond with growth on the expense of sustainability and fairness. Through a multi-disciplinary study of such causative elements, this paper endeavours to inquire how the dynamics of economic growth within transition communities intersects with issues in environmental ethics, criminological trends, and public policy challenges. Drawing on facts and statistics of World Bank, IMF, UNDP, IPCC, and literature, the research seeks to illuminate both the danger of boundless growth as well as on the possible trajectory of equitable, sustainable, and inclusive growth and tries to provide useful information to policymakers, researchers, and practitioners to facilitate development for meeting the accumulating battle of growth vs greed in the age. Economic Growth and the Modern Society Economic development remains a top measure of country development and societal advancement, oftentimes tracked using proxies like Gross Domestic Product (GDP), employment, infrastructure, and technology development. Countries such as India, Indonesia, and Vietnam have been recording good growth trajectories lately. During the fiscal year 2023-24, India achieved an 8.2% GDP growth rate, the highest among major world economies, according to the World Bank (2023a). Indonesia experienced a 5.0% growth rate in 2023, primarily driven by consumer demand and favourable commodity prices (World Bank, 2023b). Vietnam recorded a 5.0% growth rate with forecasts projecting an increase to 6.1% in 2024 on the back of robust manufacturing and export-driven economies (World Bank, 2023c). As these economic gains are made, the fruits of labour are not distributed equally. Urban centres flourish with improved infrastructure, technology, and services, but rural regions lag, lacking basic services. This imbalance has led to broader societal transformations and greater recognition of the limitations of growth-oriented development patterns. Urbanization and Infrastructure Strain South Asia has experienced accelerated economic growth, and with this has come massive urbanization. Between 2001 and 2011, South Asia’s urban population increased by 130 million; another increase of nearly 250 million is anticipated by 2030 (Roberts, 2015). This has caused immense pressure on public infrastructure, including housing, transport, sanitation, and water supply systems. Urban centres across the region are failing to provide affordable housing, and as a consequence, informal settlements are mushrooming. The public transport system is typically crowded and under-resourced, and the waste management system becomes overstretched, raising high public health and environmental challenges. Additionally, pressure on water and energy networks is increasing due to heightened demand and stress caused by climate change (World Bank, 2015). Urban governance has failed to keep pace with these challenges. Administrative capacity and resources to apply long-term urban planning are non-existent in most cities. Such conditions bring about fragmented growth, unproductive use of land, and inefficient delivery of services. Improved urban strategies, increased investment, and institutional reforms that give powers to local government must be applied in order to address these issues. The Ethics of Progress and Technological Advancement Emerging societies increasingly look to technological innovation as a means of addressing structural inefficiencies and developmental gaps in their pursuit of economic growth and modernization. AI-powered governance systems and digital finance are just two examples of how technology is frequently hailed as the great equalizer. But beneath this assurance is a basic moral conundrum: at what cost and to whom does technological advancement benefit? Innovation has the potential to increase access to healthcare, education, and financial inclusion while also streamlining service delivery. However, it also runs the risk of exacerbating already-existing disparities. For example, in many developing nations, socioeconomic disparities have increased due to the digital divide, which is the difference between those who have access to
India- African relations have evolved from ancient trade and cultural exchanges into a multifaceted partnership. Rooted in share colonial histories and parallel struggle for the independence, this relationship between two countries has deepened through Non- aligned Movement and the Bandung Conference. In the 21st century, this bond has transformed into dynamic cooperation in trade, energy, technology, and diplomacy, symbolizing a strong South- South alliance.
INTRODUCTION Following the Pahalgam attacks, India’s retaliatory actions, justified according to the international laws, were taken as an act of war by Pakistani ministries. This led to cross-border attack by drones, missiles, and fighter jets between the two countries. When the apparent ceasefire was violated, it led to many political tensions in the country. This research paper aims to study the various economic, cultural, social, and political impacts of terrorism amid Indo-Pak tensions. It will also study the global context of cross-border terrorism, essential to critically study India’s nuclear war, and what gets obscured in the new military-industrial of nation-states. This paper then, in its attempt, will compose of concepts and interpretations revolving around terrorism, both in the global and domestic context. This article will answer certain integral questions like what is the relevance of mineral resources in such tensions, what are the methods and approaches followed by other countries to deal with terrorist activities, what is the impact of such tensions on the economy, how does this incident leads to an impact on urban displacement and tourism etc. THE ACTION OF MINISTRY OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS OF INDIA Immediately after the political tensions escalated between India and Pakistan, X received orders from Indian Government to ban around 8000 accounts, both international and national, for purposes of national security. Multiple accounts, of celebrities, media channels and political, foreign governmental accounts were shut down. The external affairs ministry contacted multiple nations and was determined to brief the situation to secretaries and representatives of other countries. Moreover, Pakistani nationals were barred from entering India using SAARC Visa (Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri), and any previous SVES visas granted to citizens of Pakistan were considered to be revoked, with every Pakistani national still in India to deport within 48 hours. The Indian High Commission in Islamabad would no longer have its own defence, navy, and air advisors. Additionally, five of the Service Advisors’ support workers were to be removed from both High Commissions. Understanding The Stance Of Major Powers America’s stance can confuse anyone in the world. On one hand, it supports India superficially, and on the other hand, it provides aid and support to Pakistan as well. Any analysis of its stance will bring us to the self-interested profits generated in America. Since 1954, the American alliance with Pakistan caused India to move closer to the Soviet Union. Now, USA and India do not have strained relations. Since, Donald Trump coming into power, Indo-American relations have seen drastic fluctuations. Trump can be seen floating appreciation of Indian subcontinent, as well as condemning Indian tariff policies. Similarly, boosting Pakistan’s capacity of fighter jets by aiding $397 Million to Pakistan, while condemning terrorism globally. On the other hand, China openly supports Pakistan. The Sino-Pakistani Agreement of 1963 officially settled all the two nations’ territorial problems, and Chinese military aid to Pakistan started in 1966. A strategic partnership was established in 1972 and by 1979, strong economic cooperation had begun. Maintaining a “special relationship” has been a top priority for both nations, and their frequent high-level visit exchanges have resulted in the creation of several cooperation initiatives. Pakistan has received military, technological, and economic support from China; the two countries view one another as close strategic partners. Even during recent escalations, China supported Pakistan expressly. This raises concerns for India as it creates “enemy” neighbours on both sides. India and Russia stand on good terms together. After their famous friendship agreement in 1971, their relations have since been positive and growing. While there is no formal alliance between Russia and Pakistan, their relation has been developing after militant attacks and post-cold war shifts. However, inclination of Russia can be concluded to be towards India more than Pakistan due to strategic relations, diplomatic appreciation, military exchanges, and presence of a common enemy – China, with whom they share a complex history. The UK expressly condemns terrorism. The UK has stated that it would want to assist either India or Pakistan, advising them to defuse the situation and have a conversation. The UK recognizes Pakistan’s need for regional peace and security even as it backs India’s claims that Pakistan harbours terrorism. A diplomatic role in the India-Pakistan dispute has also been offered by the UK, which has emphasized the need for a peaceful conclusion. THE STRATEGIC ROLE OF WATER IN TERRORISM AND STATE RETALIATION In today’s landscape of global security, water has emerged as a strategic tool in terrorist actions and more recently, in counter-terrorism efforts. In the context of Indo-Pak tensions, the role of water has evolved from a background issue to a central instrument of both aggression and retaliation. Violent Non-state actors have started shifting their focus from conventional areas like weapons, violence, and control over territory to water as a tool of influence. Water and water infrastructure has been directly targeted by terrorist organizations to disrupt livelihoods, economies and assert dominance. In August of 2014, ISIS seized control of the Mosul Dam which is Iraq’s largest hydroelectric dam near the Tigris River. Control of the structure gave ISIS the dangerous ability to either flood the city or create a famine. This was a way of displaying power and control to achieve their broader objective of establishing a caliphate. Such incidents of “water weaponization” by terror outfits show how essential resources can be manipulated to instil fear among the population and destabilize entire regions. However, states have also begun to harness this vital resource as a retaliatory measure to such threats. The Pahalgam attack, pushed India to carry out a number of measures to firmly exhibit its zero-tolerance policy towards terrorism. A major non-kinetic response which could have far-reaching consequences was the suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT). The move to place the treaty in ‘abeyance’ has sent a strong signal that continued acts of state-sponsored terrorism will not be overlooked and will carry serious consequences. The Indus basin is a lifeline for Pakistan’s agrarian economy. 80% of cultivated land relies on water
This paper discusses how the Public Distribution System (PDS) has become very important in combating hunger and malnutrition in India, which is part of Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero Hunger. It does so by using comparisons between states with high and low performance to show that the efficiency of PDS in terms of integration of technology, involvement of the community, and implementation of specific policies is related to better nutritional results. The paper identifies the necessity of inclusive and decentralized changes to narrow down the gap of malnutrition regional disparities.
India’s Maternity Benefit Amendment Act 2017 is one of the most progressive Labour Laws around the globe. However, it has its shortcomings. This study aims to analyse the act based on Global trends, State initiatives, and implementation challenges.
This article critically examines the Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act, 2017, highlighting its limited impact on India’s diverse female workforce and advocating for inclusive, systemic maternity protections.
this article explores international and domestic frameworks addressing cyberthreats, with a comparative analysis
of India, Bangladesh and Nigeria highlighting the gaps, strengths, and recommendations and strategic reforms,
Multilateral diplomacy has been determined by international context and relationships among global actors. Some scholars agree with the statement that the dimensions and coordinates of the multipolar world are still unclear. The world is on the way to creating and reforming institutions and rules based on international law and cooperation policies, where emerging powers aim to take an important role.
This paper examines how Artificial Intelligence can improve access, equity, and outcomes in urban public health policy in India, with a particular focus on mental health. It highlights digital and gendered divides and proposes inclusive, community-based solutions for AI-driven health delivery.
