Authors:

Gopichand Dandimeni, Srishti Semwal, Mark Philip Jayan, Rashi Bhowmick, Afreen, Akanksha Verma, Zarrin Amroliwala, Saumya Pandey

Abstract

The Strait of Hormuz stands out as one of the most crucial maritime chokepoints in the world, acting as a vital passage for global oil, liquefied natural gas, and commercial shipping. Nestled between Iran and Oman, this strait has consistently played a key role in global energy security. However, persistent tensions between the United States and Iran have raised alarms regarding potential disruptions, military escalations, and legal uncertainties in this essential waterway. This paper delves into the broader strategic importance of global maritime chokepoints, focusing specifically on Hormuz and its role in international security and trade. By employing qualitative policy analysis and reviewing sources related to international law and energy security, the study evaluates the military, legal, and economic risks tied to the strait. The findings reveal that Hormuz is particularly vulnerable due to its narrow geography, the concentration of energy flows, and its susceptibility to coercive tactics from both state and non-state actors. Additionally, the paper highlights that any disruptions in the strait can have immediate repercussions on oil prices, shipping costs, and the stability of global supply chains. Ultimately, the study suggests that establishing a multilateral maritime security framework, bolstered by diplomatic efforts and clear legal guidelines under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), is the most effective way to mitigate risks and ensure freedom of navigation