Every crisis produces the same headline: the Global South has picked a side. A
decade of UN voting data says otherwise. The blocs reassemble with every issue.
Even the G4, four states with one ambition, does not vote as one.

This study employs a longitudinal comparative method (2018–2024) to examine if India, supported by South Korean partnerships, can diversify ASEAN’s electronics and telecom supply chains away from China, revealing selective competitive advantages despite persistent Chinese regional dominance.

This study explores the historical evolution of China–Africa economic relations, tracing their transformation from political solidarity to strategic economic partnership. It evaluates how shifting Chinese economic priorities have influenced Africa’s development through trade, infrastructure investment, industrialisation, and long-term economic cooperation.

This paper presents a comparative analysis of BRICS and the QUAD, examining their distinct roles in shaping a multipolar international order. By analyzing India’s dual membership, it highlights how contemporary global governance relies on issue-based cooperation and strategic hedging.