International Institute of SDG’s
and Public Policy Research
Welcome to IISPPR
Welcome to IISPPR, your easy source for all things related to diet and nutrition! Our mission is to provide the latest insights on emerging dietary trends and practical guidance for a healthy lifestyle at no cost. We deliver up-to-date information on innovative nutrition practices and the latest health research. This will be helpful for individuals and academic scholars who are aiming to effortlessly integrate these insights into their daily routines for a healthier, happier life. You can now book an appointment with our specialized dietician to solve your problems with diet. Whether you're planning to manage heart disease, diabetes, PCOD/PCOS, or simply eat healthier, we have something for everyone. You can book a free appointment to meet us on our website in the appointment section.
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Our content is crafted to navigate you through the complexities of dietary options, dispel prevalent myths, and offer practical advice that effortlessly integrates into your daily life. From the latest research on superfoods and supplements to mouthwatering, simple recipes, we encompass a broad spectrum of topics to aid your path to optimal health. Our team includes nutritionists and dietitians who are dedicated to bringing you reliable, science-backed information that you can trust.
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Diabetes
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder and not a disease. It is a condition where the amount of glucose in the blood is too high because the body cannot use it properly. This is because the pancreas doesn’t produce any insulin or enough insulin. Insulin is a hormone that facilitates the transfer of glucose from the blood to the cells (to provide energy to the cells). In some cases, the insulin that is produced may not function properly or the cells are not sensitive to insulin (known as insulin resistance or insensitivity). Over time, consistently high blood glucose can cause health problems such as heart disease, nerve damage, and eye issues.
Types of diabetes
1. Insulin-dependent diabetes.
Type 1 Diabetes: An autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks its own pancreas, and the damaged pancreas doesn’t produce any insulin, hence known as insulin-dependent diabetes. It is juvenile-onset diabetes which begins in childhood.
2. Adult-onset diabetes
It used to be called adult-onset diabetes, but with the epidemic of obese and overweight kids, more teenagers are now developing type 2 diabetes. It is also called non-insulin-dependent diabetes and is more lifestyle-related. With Type 2 diabetes, the pancreas usually produces some insulin. But either the amount produced is not enough for the body's needs, or the body's cells are resistant to it. Insulin resistance, or lack of insulin sensitivity, happens primarily in fat, liver, and muscle cells. Obese people have insulin resistance. With insulin resistance, at first, the pancreas works overly hard to produce more insulin. But, over a period of time, it is not able to keep up and can't make enough insulin to keep the blood glucose at normal levels.
Etiology of Diabetes
Sedentary lifestyle:
Insulin resistance is a common condition in people who are overweight, obese, physically inactive (sedentary), or females who suffer from PCOD. Muscle cells, fat cells, and liver cells stop responding properly to insulin, forcing the pancreas to compensate by producing extra insulin. When insulin production falters because of beta cell dysfunction, glucose levels rise, leading to prediabetes or diabetes.
Obesity and Sedentary lifestyle
An imbalance between caloric intake and physical activity can lead to obesity, causing insulin resistance. Central obesity, in which a person has excess abdominal fat, is a major risk factor for diabetes.
Age:
The risk for type 2 diabetes increases with age, especially after 45 years of age. It is important for us to do a regular medical check-up after the age of 30, to rule out any risk.
Family history:
Your risk for diabetes is higher if your mother, father, or sibling has diabetes.
Stress:
Stress leads to the release of cortisol hormone which favors fat deposition thereby increasing insulin resistance.
Gestational Diabetes
During pregnancy, usually around the 24th week, many women develop gestational diabetes. A diagnosis of gestational diabetes doesn't mean that you had diabetes before you conceived, or that you will have diabetes after giving birth. This can be temporary and reversible too. However, women who have had gestational diabetes have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life and should be tested for diabetes at least every 2-3 years.
Etiology of Gestational Diabetes
Insulin resistance:
Due to the placental secretion of anti-insulin hormones.
Late pregnancy:
Maternal hepatic glucose production increases by 15-30% to meet fetal demand.
Pancreatic beta cell dysfunction
Hypoglycemia
Glucose intolerance
Placental hormones that block insulin:
Estrogen, cortisol, and human placental lactogen.
Q & A of Diabetes
- Focus on Whole Foods: Vegetables, Fruits, Whole Grains, lean Proteins, Healthy Fats control Carbohydrates.
- Monitor Blood Sugar: Regular Testing: Monitor your blood sugar levels regularly to understand how different foods affect your blood sugar and adjust your diet accordingly.
- Consult a Professional: Dietitian: It can be beneficial to work with a dietitian who specializes in diabetes management to create a personalized meal plan. Remember, everyone’s body responds differently to foods, so it’s important to tailor these general recommendations to your individual needs and preferences.
Improvement with Lifestyle Changes: Many individuals have successfully managed Type 2 diabetes to the point where their blood sugar levels return to normal ranges without the need for medication. Achieving remission typically involves significant lifestyle changes such as weight loss, a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and other health improvements.
- Losing excess weight can improve insulin sensitivity and help regulate blood sugar levels. This is particularly impactful for those who are overweight or obese. Healthy Diet, Regular Exercise, Medication Management can be improved.
Type 2 diabetes is more commonly diagnosed in adults, particularly as they age, but the condition can affect individuals of any age.
- IISPPR takes only professional candidates and trains them for diet counseling. We check your health first and prefer your choices in the diet. Dieting is not stopping eating your favorite food but eating it in a healthier way.
FAQ Related Type Diabetes
It is a metabolic disorder leading to high blood sugar levels or hyperglycemia because the body is either not producing enough insulin or unable to use the insulin produced.
Intense thirst.
Frequent urination, particularly at night.
Unexplained weight loss.
Increased appetite.
Fatigue.
Slow-healing wounds.
Who have a family history of diabetes
- Overweight individuals
- Physically inactive individuals
Developing diabetes and exposure to high blood glucose increases the risk of developing microvascular and macrovascular complications, affecting the kidneys, heart, eyes, feet, and liver.
- No, but it can be managed with healthy lifestyle and medication.
- No, but it can be managed with healthy lifestyle and medication.
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is very essential for the control and management of diabetes. This includes making healthy eating choices and having an active lifestyle that includes some amount of walking, running and exercise
People who eat too much of sugar are at the risk of diabetes. However, it cannot be the cause of diabetes.
No, because both are source of simple sugar
There is no specific diet that works for everybody, your may help you design best diet based on your
-Any medicines that you take
-Your weight
-Any other health conditions you have
-Your lifestyle and tastes
-Your goals
The medication alone cannot adequately control your blood sugar and keep you in good health. Eating appropriate food at regular time is also important for management of diabetes.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is typified by high testosterone levels, irregular menstruation, and/or tiny cysts on one or both ovaries. The condition may primarily be biochemical (hyperandrogenemia) or morphological (polycystic ovaries). Anovulation, microcysts in the ovaries, follicular development suppression, and menstrual abnormalities are all possible outcomes of hyperandrogenism, a clinical feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).PCOS is a heterogeneous disorder that affects at least 7% of adult women.Studies indicate that PCOS affects 5% to 10% of females between the ages of 18 and 44, making it the most prevalent endocrine condition in women of reproductive age.In order to attain and/or maintain a healthy weight and to maximize overall health, the PCOS guideline suggests that all women with PCOS be encouraged to adopt appropriate lifestyle practices . It is recommended that overweight women lose 5–10% of their body weight in order to achieve an energy deficit of 30–40%, or 500–750 kcal/day (1200–1500 kcal/day). Higher protein intakes, as opposed to diets heavy in carbohydrates, may be more effective in suppressing androgen levels in women with PCOS.Studies have indicated that higher protein meals, as opposed to those heavy in glucose, can lower insulin and dehydroepiandrosterone activation. An additional factor to take into account is the content of fatty acids. Metabolic abnormalities linked to PCOS can be mitigated by increasing consumption of MUFA and PUFA in the form of dietary seeds, such as safflower, flax, and pumpkin seeds.
Q&A on Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
PCOS is characterized by high testosterone levels, irregular menstruation, and/or tiny cysts on one or both ovaries.
The general imbalance in hormones such as androgens and insulin resistance causes different symptoms of PCOS. some of the symptoms are irregular periods, hirsutism ( excess facial hair growth), Severe acne, cyst in ovaries, weight gain , hait thinning, infertility, severe pain and clots during menstruation.
PCOS; short for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is an endocrine disorder that affects hormones, leading to irregular periods , hirsutism, weight gain insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction
whereas, PCOD ; short for Polycystic Ovarian Disease is caused by a hormone imbalance that results in enlarged follicles in ovaries . These follicles can cause irregular menstrual cycles and infertility.
There is no one confirmative test for diagnosis of PCOS. The diagnosis of PCOS is a clinical diagnosis, meaning the diagnosis is made by considering various factors such as clinical history , blood tests etc. Diagnosis usually requires at least two of the following criteria ( known as the Rotterdam Criteria ) :
- Irregular or absent menstrual cycles.
- Signs of excess androgens ( in blood tests or physical symptoms such as hirsutism)
- Polycystic ovaries visible in Ultrasound
PCOS can primarily present itself either biochemically (hyperandrogenemia) causing hormone dysregulation causing insulin resistance , hirsutism , irregular periods etc, or morphologically ; that is polycystic ovaries.
Possible outcomes of hyperandrogenism in PCOS include anovulation, microcysts in the ovaries, suppression of follicular development, and menstrual abnormalities.
PCOS can affect all women of reproductive age group and it doesn’t differ in prevalence based on age. it is a hormonal issue affecting all age groups.
Women having any family history of PCOS and women having obesity are at more risk for developing the condition.
The exact cause of PCOS is not known but several genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of PCOS.
A good and well balanced diet would help to keep the excess weight in check and often helps in natural rhythm of body to function in turn maintaining proper hormonal balance furtherr acts in preventing many diseases along with PCOS.
Reproductive difficulties (such as infertility and pregnancy complications), metabolic disorders (such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases), and psychological disorders (such as depression and anxiety) are among the common effects of PCOS.
For the purpose of diagnosing PCOS, AMH levels are regarded as a substitute marker or an alternative to the ultrasonography FNPO count. Serum AMH levels in women with PCOS are generally two to three times greater than in women with normal reproductive function, which is consistent with FNPO ultrasound measurements. Nevertheless, there are difficulties with measuring AMH, including assay variability and the effects of proteolysis.
There’s a strong link between obesity and PCOS prevalence. PCOS is approximately 4.3% common in women whose body mass index (BMI) is less than 25 kg/m²; in contrast, the prevalence rises to 14% in women whose BMI is greater than 30 kg/m². But bias in selection could affect these evaluations.
Having PCOS is frequently associated with increased rates of anxiety, depression, and psychological distress in general. These psychological problems are probably a result of intricate neural networks being dysfunctional in the central nervous system of PCOS patients.
For people with PCOS, dietary treatments are regarded as a first-line treatment. Maintaining an appropriate nutritional status and following a healthy diet are essential for both preventing PCOS and promoting the recovery of affected individuals. Diets that lower obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are especially advantageous.